Vitamins/Supplements

Erythema nodosum.

Erythema nodosum: Description, Causes, and Treatment Protocol

Description Erythema nodosum (EN) represents a specific form of panniculitis that is defined by the emergence of painful, erythematous, and enlarged subcutaneous nodules, which are most frequently located on the anterior regions of the lower part of the body. Although it is frequently linked to systemic diseases or infections, this disorder might be idiopathic. Erythema […]

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Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia.

Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia: Description, Causes, and Treatment Protocol

Description Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC) refers to a systemic form of vasculitis that mostly impacts tiny and small to medium-sized arteries and veins. Cryoglobulins, aberrant immunoglobulin complexes that are able to precipitate at low temperatures, are present in the blood and serve as a defining characteristic of the condition. EMC frequently manifests with a wide

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Fibrosing alveolitis.

Fibrosing alveolitis/Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): Description, Causes, and Treatment Protocol

Description Fibrosing alveolitis, also called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), represents an interstitial lung disorder that is severe and progressive. It mostly affects the alveoli, which are the microscopic air sacs in the lungs that are in charge of gas exchange. Fibrous tissue forms as a result of this illness, which makes it difficult for the

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Giant cell arteritis.

Giant cell arteritis / temporal arteritis / Horton’s disease: Description, Causes, and Treatment Protocol

Description Giant cell arteritis (GCA) represents a systemic vasculitis mainly affecting medium- to large-sized arteries. It is often referred to as Horton’s disease or temporal arteritis. Although the alternative term “temporal arteritis” refers to swelling of the temporal arteries, it can affect arteries in other body areas, including the aorta. This inflammation is usually linked

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Glomerulonephritis.

Glomerulonephritis: Description, Causes, and Treatment Protocol

Description Glomerulonephritis, also called glomerular disease, represents a collection of kidney diseases characterized by swelling of the glomeruli (i.e., the filtering unit of the kidneys that filters blood). A cup-shaped formation called Bowman’s capsule is formed by finger-like extensions in podocytes, cells with specialized functions lining the capillaries, which allow selective transit of tiny molecules

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anti-TBM disease.

Goodpasture’s syndrome / anti-GBM / anti-TBM disease: Description, Causes, and Treatment Protocol

Description Goodpasture’s syndrome is an uncommon but serious autoimmune disease that mostly affects the lungs and kidneys. The condition is named for Ernest Goodpasture, an American pathologist who originally reported it in 1919. Typically, it manifests as fast-progressing glomerulonephritis, which causes acute kidney injury. When the immune system incorrectly perceives the GBM as alien, the

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Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) / Wegener’s granulomatosis: Description, Causes, and Treatment Protocol

Description Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (or GPA), formerly referred to as Wegener’s granulomatosis, constitutes a rare autoimmune disease marked by blood vessel inflammation and the development of granulomas in multiple organs. This disorder primarily affects the kidneys, lungs, and upper as well as lower respiratory tracts, though it may also impact other organs. GPA impacts several

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Graves disease.

Graves disease / thyroid eye disease: Description, Causes, and Treatment Protocol

Description Graves disease represents an autoimmune disorder that mainly impacts the thyroid gland, the butterfly-shaped structure in the human neck that secretes hormones that control metabolism. Graves’ disease is named after the 19th-century physician Robert Graves. He originally described it as the most prevalent reason behind hyperthyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland becomes

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Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS): Description, Causes, and Treatment Protocol

Description Guillain-Barré Syndrome (or GBS) represents an uncommon but potentially crippling autoimmune disease that affects the peripheral nervous system. It is caused by the immune system attacking the myelin sheath surrounding the nerves, resulting in weakening, numbness, and, in extreme situations, paralysis. Although the exact origin of GBS is yet unknown, infections are frequently the

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Inclusion body myositis.

Inclusion body myositis: Description, Causes, and Treatment Protocol

Description Inclusion body myositis (IBM) represents an uncommon, persistent, and progressive muscle disease that mainly affects elderly persons. IBM belongs to a class of diseases known as inflammatory myopathies, which are typified by muscular atrophy, weakness, and inflammation. The disease mostly affects skeletal muscles, primarily those in the throat, arms, and legs. Its unique characteristic

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